Reading and reviewing Diefendorf In the Wake of War Essay

In 1945 intense bombing gave the Germans a unique opportunity comprehensively to redesign their towns and cities. The damage to the urban fabric was so great that reconstruction was expected to take sixty years. It took ten. Yet, the bland architecture of many cities today suggests that the Germans squandered their chances. They certainly demolished too much and arguably restored to little pre-war life and spirit of many of their finest towns. They could have done better; but, as In The Wake of War. The Reconstruction of German Cities after World War II, by Jeffry Diefendorf shows, they faced constraints which were as complex and critical as those affecting their economic recovery. The scale of the damage was staggering. The rubble from the ten worst-affected large cities lone would have covered Hyde Park to a depth of 500 feet. Moreover, capable planners and architects were scarce. Diefendorf, a professor of history at the University of New Hampshire, has written an excellent, extensively researched book on the reconstruction of war-damaged German cities after 1945. This reconstruction involved in part the massive clearance of rubble from streets and building sites; yet it also required a comprehensive rethinking of planning, architecture, and building law. German city planners had to resolve several dilemmas. First, they needed to distance German cities from their Nazi past, yet also restore legitimate architectural landmarks. Second, German planners’ alliance with the growing international modernist movement conflicted with this concern for historic preservation. Finally, the grand hopes of comprehensively redesigning the outmoded city centers were constrained by the urgent need for basic housing. In this scholarly study addressed to students of history, architecture, city planning, and development, Jeffrey M. Diefendorf makes two broad and interrelated contributions. He delineates the activities, ideas, and institutional processes that accompanied the rebuilding of many of West Germany’s ruined cities after World War II; and he shows that the country’s urban reconstruction between 1945 and 1955-60, when reviewed structurally, was influenced by manifest material exigencies as well as notable prior urban planning and design traditions. Many had emigrated in the 1930s. Those who worked under the Nazis were now distrusted or dismissed. These difficulties were compounded by shortages of power, equipment and transport and by the Allied requisitioning and dismantling of essential equipment. There were further problems. Each city had had a distinctive pre-war character. Each was differently affected by bombing. Thus, each faced different reconstruction problems and proposed different solutions. There was no central administration, and Nazi planning arrangements were in abeyance; so co-ordination and planning controls were weak. Nor could municipalities start with a clean slate. Buildings, building lines and property rights still existed: even the rubble belonged to someone. Moreover, the best course of action was unclear. Prussian, Weimar and Nazi planning and architectural traditions remained strong yet were now unacceptable; and no agreed alternatives existed. Were they to restore the old or build something new? Architects, lanners, local councils, the Allied occupation authorities and the local populations all had conflicting preferences. Aspects of the Reconstruction The primary focus is on the early postwar years, from 1945 through the late 1950s. Though reconstruction efforts continued well into the 1960s (and some even to the present day), Diefendorf argues that by the late 1950s the explicit reconstruction of bombed cities gave way to a broader process of growth and modernization. In fact, Marshall Plan aid and the West German economic miracle accelerated what many in 1945 thought would be a forty-year reconstruction period. Diefendorf wisely examines the events leading up to 1945, from the Bauhaus architectural influences of the 1920s to wartime bombing and planning (including plans to build underground, bomb-proof fortress cities called Webrstadte). He spends an entire chapter on prewar German planning, and an especially interesting chapter on postwar planners; both are useful references for comparative work on the profession and its intellectual history. Diefendorf reminds us that urban reconstruction is a very complex and emotionally charged subject, since so many concerns, both practical and psychological, need to be satisfied. Right at the end of the war reconstruction would have to take place immediately in order to the major cities of Germany to recover and get back on its tracks. The need for structures from the wide variety of sectors in German cities would reasonably come from the German population eager to start their lives anew. Apart from the financial limitations and other hindrances in terms of resources, the reconstruction of the whole German cities and the German pride would have to come at a price—a substantial where the stakes encompass not only the physical but, more significantly, the emotional and psychological aspects of the planners, builders, and of the entire population. At the end of the war, the first desperate need was for shelter for the unhoused, tired, and defeated civilian population, augmented by refugees, expellees, and returning war veterans. This was the time of clearing the rubble by the famous â€Å"Trummerfrauen,† as it was also a time of conflict between private initiative and public control, a period of vast black market activities and widespread illegal building. These things, on a larger perspective, prove to be huge hindrances to the restoration of the integrity of the country as well as for the physical reconstruction of Germany’s major cities. Conditions changed as soon as the currency reform of 1948 had taken hold. There were, of course, still problems of expropriation and compensation of private property and there was no generally applicable agreement as to who had jurisdiction over the rebuilding process. As the book sheds light on the disparity over the jurisdiction rights over the reconstruction process, the struggle between the public control and private initiative nevertheless emphasized the parallel aim of reconstructing the fallen country. And although the town, the state, and the federal government had conflict in determining precisely who is responsible over certain areas and aspects of the reconstruction process, funds were eventually provided by a special equalization of burden tax. Behind the Pages: Redefining the Postwar German Reconstruction Focusing on the experience of over thirty of Germany’s largest cities, this is the first general account in English of the mighty efforts to rebuild urban Germany after 1945. The research effort and the command of detail are impressive and Diefendorf tells the involved tale with clarity and style. However, the treatment is uneven. It covers only the West Germany and concentrates on just four cities: Munich, Cologne, West Berlin and, especially, Hamburg. The book, in general, is excellent history, thorough, documented, well organized, and readable written. On its own terms, there is little to criticize although at some point the aspects worthy of criticism shelve out the idea of discrediting the whole book. The illustrations are excellently chosen, with striking before-and-after photos, although some city plans would have helped. The organization by subject rather than chronology—rubble clearance, architectural style, historical preservation, housing, city planning, law, and administrative organizations—works well, even if it occasionally demands separating one event into pieces in different chapters. The research apparently occupied the author for fifteen years, took him to numerous archives, and led him to interviews both of key participants and of other researchers. Its assiduousness shows in the result—shows perhaps too much, when we are given lists of planners or names of streets occasionally burden the text without adding to understanding. Newly found sources tend to direct attention out of proportion, but everything is clear, and by and large a suitable degree of skepticism is sprinkled over the self-serving quotations from participants. The distinctive East German reconstruction effort is omitted: East Berlin and Dresden rate only passing mention. Furthermore, the detailed discussion of architectural and planning principles, wartime planning and the local politicking is a trifle microscopic. I should have preferred fewer endnotes and a briefer bibliography, which together constitute over one quarter of the book. But the reconstruction of West Germany’s cities after 1945 remains a tale worth telling. In his structuralist perspective, the post war reconstruction of West Germany’s battered cities marked neither a radical break with the past nor a completely new beginning. He emphasizes that â€Å"significant continuities linked the periods before and after 45† (p. xvi). The emphasis on continuities does not, however, keep him from sketching the signal discontinuity created by the wartime â€Å"war against the cities. † The war had been awesome and awful: 45 percent of the housing stock had been destroyed or damaged. Urban Germans needed to clear mountains of rubble, to procure scarce materials and labor for reconstruction, to rebuild both legally and illegally in order to survive. The legal and illegal ways in which the Germans engaged themselves into all for the name of salvaging whatever they can from the ruins of the war is partially discussed in the book. The very existence of these twofold activities meant that by any possible means the reconstruction of the major German cities, towns, and the entire nations would have to be met. Yet this is the part where the book gathers the conviction to assert the idea that such an objective was not an easy task as it may have sounded. A lot of hindrances would have to be faced along the way such as financial constraints and conflict over who is going to be responsible for which specific areas are to be reconstructed, and on what buildings are to be erected. Diefendorf’s accent, however is on the â€Å"face of reconstruction†: on such issues as architectural styles and historic preservation and such problems as old an new housing, town planning, and building laws. These topics take up most of the book, and he derives credible conclusions in each case. Throughout, he shows the importance of the long-term historical context. The ties of the book with history is both necessary and interesting apart from the reason that postwar Germany is a good ground for substantiating on the idea of how a nation faces the most wretched conditions and is able to stand on its own, recovering almost immediately from a pace hardly achieved by any other country. In architecture, he suggests that a broadly conceived â€Å"modernist† style, although struggling with traditionalism and bowing to expediency, survived into the postwar period, becoming dominant in the late 1950s. As to historic preservation, German cities chose separate paths after settling on whether, how, â€Å"and under what conditions to rebuild the damaged shell† (p. 69). Hamburg, Berlin, Frankfurt, Hanover, and Stuttgart generally favored modernization; Munster, Freiburg, and Nuremberg emphasized their historic character; Lubeck, Cologne, and Munich took a middle path. The chapter contains excellent photographs, and Diefendorf observes that planners tended to prefer modernization whereas citizens’ groups called for preservation. Planning Amidst Reconstruction Difficulties Debates about architecture and political behavior had taken place since the 1920s. The book highlights the idea that traditional architecture, with its component of historic preservation, and its stress on regional domestic variations and native building materials, vied with more modern forms of city planning, with its emphasis on commerce, industry and transportation, particularly on traffic by car. In many cases the aerial bombardment had razed the center and most densely settled area of the city, and had provided the planners with a ready-made ground and the opportunity for modern rebuilding. Here was a chance to solve the problems of earlier unplanned urbanization that had been brought about by the industrialization. In a large number of cases, underground sewage, water, gas and electricity conduits were not heavily damaged and could be used again. The rapid rebuilding of the German cities, done within almost a decade, can only be understood in terms of previous long-term urban planning. Notably, German housing shortages dated back to the turn of the century. Far from abating during the Weimar Republic, they were further complicated and compounded during the Nazi regime. A housing crisis developed particularly during World War II, persisting into the postwar period partly because extensive new construction did not begin until the currency reform of 1948. Thereafter, modest residential housing units in both suburbs and inner cities began to appear across the Federal Republic. This outcome was aided by a broad consensus on housing construction, the passage of a federal housing law in 1950, as well as private and public funding (with small Marshall Plan funds acting as â€Å"lubricant†). In this case, it can be noted that the existence of housing predicaments paved the way for the attention of the public and private sectors. Diefendorf further notes that â€Å"the growth of a body planning law paralleled the growth of town planning in Germany in the late nineteenth century† (p. 222). This observation of the author corresponds to the belief that the increase in the reaches of Germany’s body planning law has something to do with the increase in the planning for the reconstruction of various parts of Germany. From the minor to the major towns and cities, the laws enacted by the states to set limits and definitions on ways that affect the reconstruction of the various regions led to a sweeping set of changes in the urban lives of the people. The prominent architects and city planners, who were in direct participation in the efforts of reconstruction during the early period of the postwar era, had accumulated their training during the Weimar Republic, had been actively participating during the Third Reich, and were more than eager to use their skills and competence in the service of building during the postwar era. They saw themselves as individuals belonging to the nonpolitical group, just as the large number of doctors had done. They were engaged essentially in developing the cities while straying away from the political domain and the influence of political groups that seek to control the reconstruction process to their advantage. Yet even if the laws were enacted, there were notable lapses that undermine the very purpose in which these laws were created. For instance, the laws â€Å"usually sufficed for laying out streets but typically failed to address the issue of what was erected behind the street facades† (p. 222). There were certain lapses that the book highlights, which veritably amounts to the presumption that even if there were salient legal efforts to boost the reconstruction process by setting legal definitions on the process, these were nevertheless not without certain unique lapses on their own. Predictably, the enduring housing problems had kept the planners busy during peace and war. Diefendorf emphasizes that postwar planning remained largely in the hands of pre-1945 planners who had gained experience in the years 1933-45 but whose plans tended to predate the Nazi regime. Despite the planner’s ambivalence about public input and their debatable insistence that they were â€Å"apolitical,† Diefendorf treats them and their plans generously; Freiburg and Cologne came to exemplify â€Å"conservative† planning, Kiel and Aachen demonstrated the â€Å"pragmatic† approach, while the â€Å"partial planning† of Mainz and Berlin â€Å"resembled that of most other West German cities† (p. 197). If the planners failed to solve the burgeoning postwar traffic problems, it was because they could not anticipate the speedy arrival and proliferation of private motor vehicles. Diefendorf makes it clear that planning the reconstruction of vast cities and towns is not a process under the helm of pure democracy. It was at the same time burdensome and difficult to reconcile the wishes of the whole mass of populations who desire to avert back their familiar environment. It was also difficult to reconcile the needs of an expanding and forward-looking economy under the oversight of a wide variety of public and private organizations. The book has two related flaws: It misstates its subject, and it is not interdisciplinary. Its real subject is the planning for the reconstruction of German cities after the war (and the organizational and legal problems that accompanied that planning), but not the economics, the politics, or the sociology of the reconstruction process itself. Its focus is on what planners said, what theories they held, what positions they occupied, a little about what they accomplished, and much more about what they did not accomplish. Along the way, many interesting questions are raised: Is there such a thing as Nazi planning? (Yes, but only in limited areas. ) Did planning evolve continuously from the Weimar Republic through the Nazi era to the postwar years, or was the Nazi period a sharp break in continuity? (No sharp break. ) Was reconstruction planning â€Å"successful? † (Under the circumstances, remarkably so, although, in hindsight, with many shortcomings. ) Yet it appears that the flesh and blood of reconstruction is apparently still to be found. Planners may â€Å"plan† cities, but they do not create the decisions on what gets built, or where, when, and how these buildings are to be built. Not unlike in the United States, in Germany after the war, developers, builders, financial institutions, property owners, and politicians concerend about taxes, were all key players, as sometimes were groups of citizens with nonfinancial and nonpolitical motivations. Briefly, in discussing why comprehensive planning laws did not get passed, the author shares some intimation of pressures from property owners; briefly, in discussing organizations, he avers that when major banks played a role in planning, things went more smoothly. Yet it may well be that the department-store, real-estate offices were more influential in what actually happened than the entire planner put together. Diefendorf displays understanding for the difficulties facing German planners, but his conclusions could be taken as the starting point for a critique of a functionalism stripped of aesthetic ambition. Postwar architecture tended to satisfy neither modernists nor traditionalists. Associated with a new building style n the 1920s, standardized housing of the 1940s and 1950s was no loner expected â€Å"to result in exciting buildings† (p. 61). Functionalist abandonment of aesthetic concerns was also evident in planning. Emphasizing broad functional tasks, most city planners concerned themselves chiefly with public health and safety and with the flow of traffic in the cities. Although there may have been brilliant city planners involved in the reconstruction process, the funding for the entire process have also hindered the attainment of utterly expensive and grand architectural buildings, owing perhaps to the book’s observation that the proper appropriation of the financial budget had to be carefully managed so as to meet the ends. The author quotes Leo Grebler, a real-estate economist familiar with market forces, to the effect that postwar German planning produced â€Å"traffic improvements and decongestion on central areas† (p. 347), but his explanation for the amelioration alludes only to the personalities of planners and planning theories. Diefendorf cites none of either the old or the new urban sociology, no urban politics, no social history to explain reactions to central planning, and no urban economics—nothing on the forces shaping cities worldwide in the postwar era. Further, the book notes that â€Å"the war’s devastation offered Germany a unique opportunity to correct the failings of the urban blight produced by the industrial and population expansion of the second half of the nineteenth century† (p. 275). One of the book’s most fascinating discussions concerns the transformation of the German planning profession from the Nazi period to the early postwar years.

Analytical Description of Players in Hamlet Essay

The significance of the players exceeds the sole purpose of entertainment, as each possesses the power to unveil the â€Å"occulted guilt† (3.2.75) and conscience of the King. Hamlet assumes the responsibility to advise these players with precise and adequate direction so that a â€Å"whirlwind of passion† (6) may not effectively separate Claudius from personally identifying with the play. Hamlet’s enthusiastic approach toward direction may be so that he encourages the players to â€Å"suit the action to the word, the word to the/ action, with this special observance, that you o’erstep not/ the modesty of nature† (16-18). However, this exercise of caution may justify Hamlet’s too often delayed attempt toward the action of avenging his father’s murder. His direction confines him to the overflow of words as he experiences imprisonment within the truth of his own identity. Hamlet grants himself the opportunity to momentarily direct himself, yet it remains unknown as to whether he directs a representation of truth or a falsity. He exemplifies madness so well, as the sight of â€Å"a damned ghost† (77) insanely induces his imagination and comfortably transforms his identity to one of lunacy. This role he acquires is one he portrays so explicitly well as an actor that he easily utilizes it as the foundation for his players. He instructs the players: Nor do not saw the air too much with your hand, Thus, but use all gently, for in the very torrent, tempest, And, as I may say, whirlwind of passion, you must acquire And beget a temperance that may give it smoothness. (4-7) Abstinence from overly dramatizing the actions of the play may be reflective of Hamlet’s character prior to his escape from true self: a once-lived life of normalcy focused more wholly on â€Å"smoothness† (7) rather than an uncontrolled â€Å"torrent, tempest, / †¦whirlwind of passion† (5-6). Hamlet’s direction of the players claims victory as Claudius abruptly arises and exclaims, â€Å"Give me some light. Away† (254)! Horatio’s observation of the King’s reaction confirms his guilt-inflamed conscience as he was forced to witness the reenactment of his brother’s murder. Hamlet, relieved, reveals, â€Å"I’ll take the ghost’s word for a thousand/ pound† (271-272). The ghost is officially trustworthy as the King’s reaction encourages Hamlet to journey further toward his mission of avenging the death of his father. Any form of immediate action is ignored when Hamlet wrestles Polonius with false visions of psychosis as he inquires, â€Å"Do you see yonder cloud that’s almost in shape of a / camel† (355-356)? Hamlet’s separation from action invites a sense of fear that intensifies his madness and entangles his entire self in nothing more than the mere use of words. It is his words that camouflage the notion that his own conscience may be afflicted with an overpowering sense of guilt. Even though Hamlet’s accurate direction of the players did celebrate success as it illustrated the guilt of the King’s conscience, Hamlet’s identity remains in crisis as he continues to revel in his words. His speech reveals his craving for action: ‘Tis now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn and hell itself (breathes) out Contagion to this world. Now could I drink hot blood, And do such (bitter business as the) day Would quake to look on. (367-371) The claim that he is prepared to engage in necessary action remains solely a claim as Hamlet’s burden of self-loathing dominates his internal struggle. He may fear the truth of his identity, as he is horrified by the realism included in the players’ precise portrayal of his own life in actuality.

Ethical and Legal Issues

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing Over the last several decades, professional nursing has evolved and changed because of the influence of ethical and legal issues. There may be a variety of reasons for the changes. Examples in changes are advances in medical technology, legal changes about abortion and euthanasia, a push toward patient rights and litigation, and ever decreasing resources in which to provide nursing care. With all these influences affecting care, it has become increasingly difficult to have a true understanding of the direction nursing should take when faced with moral, ethical, and legal issues. Examination of personal moral and ethics along with utilization of available resources will no doubt aid nurses in sorting out feelings, strategizing for the patient and families, and providing guidance to give the best care possible. One resource available is the American Nurses Association, they have developed a code of ethics that should act as a guide in directing care and solving the ethical and legal dilemmas that surface. When applying the code of ethics resource; nurses can assist their patients families in making informed decisions as well as understand their own and their colleague’s responsibilities. By examining two case scenarios, the first involving end of life decisions, the second involving nursing conduct, the application of the code of ethics, the legal aspects, and the nurses responsibilities would be better understood. It is prudent to begin by examining the legal responsibilities of the nurse in the work setting. A Registered Nurse carries a legal responsibility in the work setting. A nurse has a commitment to the safety of the patient and must be aware of inappropriate practice. All nurses have ethical duties to the patients they serve. According to the American Nurses Association; a nurse â€Å"promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient† (ANA, 2001, p. 18). If an action is taken that poses harmful effect on a patient’s health this needs to be immediately reported to a higher authority within the workplace or if necessary to a suitable outside authority. A nurse must be accountable for his or her individual nursing practice. The nurse’s duty is to identify anyone with questionable practice. All workplaces have guidelines set in place for these types of events. A nurse should concern herself about repercussions when reporting unethical practice. A nurse should be familiar and compliant with his or her state’s nurse practice act and his or her workplace policies applicable practice standards of care for each clinical area. In the malpractice exercise the nurse was observed on several occasions violating standards of care. The occurrences were reported immediately through the chain of command which in this case was administration. After anecdotal notes were kept by the nurse, she should prepare written documentation, including the time and location of the incident and names of any witnesses. Time should be taken to think about the incident and write down all important points that come to mind, who and, when, she notified in administration and what was told to them. This way everything would be in order and accessible if you need to recall when answering questions. Be honest and truthful if there is something you cannot remember you, state that you do not recall. There should be no disregard during this process, it is the ethical and legal duty of a nurse, as the patient advocate, to stand up, and protect the patient. Every nurse is equally responsible for his or her own actions. Responsibility also carries over to patients not under her direct care, the obligation for all patients. The incident was reported in the correct manner and she kept personal anecdotal records and upheld her ethical duties. Personal and societal views play a major role in the way a nurse views a current ethical situation. As nurses and as human beings, we each will have our own way of evaluating and assessing different circumstances that we are part of daily. No matter what kind of nursing or nursing experience that you may have, you cannot run from these trying predicaments. â€Å"Our ethical framework assists us when we experience serious ethical dilemmas† (Cameron & Salas, 2010, p. 655). In the case regarding Marianne, there are countless ways in which personal and societal values could have played a part. They could affect how the family would be viewed by society if they did not try everything to save their loved one, or how would it look if they went through with the surgery and it looked as if Marianne was experiencing torture. Ethical dilemmas are never straightforward and never with a right or wrong answer. It is our job as nurses to put aside our feelings and beliefs and to educate the family on all of the potential outcomes that may be expected. We must remember as health care providers, to be non-judgmental. When reviewing the case of Marianne, the significant legal aspect to consider is the lack of a Healthcare Power of Attorney and Living Will. Not possessing Marianne’s documented wishes creates a legal ethical dilemma and creates family conflict. The responsibility of deciding the future of Marianne’s care will fall on the family with guidance from the hospital’s Ethics Committee. The ANA Code of Ethics provides nurses with guidance in legal and ethical responsibilities. The code describes the obligation of treating patients and families with autonomy. Lachman describes the role of autonomy in nursing care: â€Å"patients have a moral and legal right to determine what will be done with their own person; to be given accurate, complete, and understandable information in a manner that facilitates an informed judgment; to be assisted with weighing the benefits, burdens, and available options in their treatment, including the choice of no treatment; to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without deceit, undue influence, duress, coercion, or penalty; and to be given necessary support throughout the decision-making and treatment process â€Å"(Lachman, 2009, p. 55). Providing autonomous nursing care to Marianne and her family will ensure all the options are presented. The family members place trust in the nurse to provide good care and be supportive, regardless of the decision they make for Marianne’s future. The trust placed on nurses includes responsibility to the patient and the institution ensuring policies are adhered to thus avoiding the possibilities of negligence. With trust, nurses have an obligation to society. Legally we are â€Å"responsible to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence and to continue personal and professional growth† (ANA, 2001, p. 8). No matter the situation of the patient in regard to age, race, religion, economic status, etc. We are to treat each patient and family member with the same amount of respect. Both case studies The Nurse as the Witness and The Six Caps are unique in different ways. Nurses often have the tendency to develop close relationships with patients. Reminders may be ne eded often that the purpose of nursing is not friendship but to alleviate suffering, protect the patient, promote wellness, and to help restore the health. In Marianne’s case the legal responsibility of the nurse is to communicate all possibilities of Marianne’s care. The nurse in this situation has an obligation to provide all the information possible to help the family come to a decision in regard to Marianne’s life. Nurses are to be truthful and never withhold any information. No matter what a family or patient decides, the nurse is to advocate for that decision. Family decisions are not the function of nurse, no matter what the nature. There may be instances when a nurse will be a witness or perhaps a defendant. Medical professionals see many and unique situations some will have to be reported and investigated. Documentation is a huge legal aspect of nursing. It will be always important to document exactly what you do and see. Opinions and assumptions are not good practice for documentation purposes as this would not hold up in court and may sway decisions. The malpractice case regarding the nurse as the witness is a fine example of the need to be proficient in documentation. Months and years later, what is in writing is what will count. As nurses we know, if it was not documented, it did not happen! For this particular case study, the nurse was obligated to report exactly what she wrote about the nurse in question. That nurse has an obligation to report any suspicions of abuse and neglect to administration even repeatedly if necessary. In any situation, the nurse has an obligation to act in the best interest of the patient. It may have consequences but, the overall nurse’s responsibility is to keep the patient safe. Summing up, it is clear that nursing practice can be influenced by personal ethics and morals. The American Nurses Association’s code of ethics provides a guide for practice. When applied to a practical case, such as Marianne and her family, the code of ethics allows the nurse caring for here to remain professional and objective without letting her own feelings influence the family. The nurse has a responsibility to Marianne, her family and the employing institution. Overall, these guidelines extend throughout practice and are set in place to protect society. It becomes a mutual trust and is why nursing is held to such a high standard. References American Nurses Association (ANA). (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Washington, DC: ANA. Blais, K. K. , Hayes, J. S. , Kozier, B. , & Erb, G. (2006). Professional nursing practice. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall. Cameron, B. L. , & Salas, A. S. (2010). Ethical openings in practical home care practice. Nursing Ethics, 17(5), 655-665. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com Practical use of the nursing code of ethics: part I. Medsurg nursing: official journal of the academy of medical-surgical nurses, 18(1), 55-57. Retrieved  from  http://EBSCOhost

Chicago demographics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chicago demographics - Assignment Example It is evident that the problem of teen pregnancy is the biggest health issue in Chicago and this necessitates measures to help address this issue. Thus this paper will look at the Chicago demographics, the services offered and their effectiveness; it will then develop a marketing plan for a service/ program to address the problem of teen pregnancy in Chicago. Chicago Demographics Population and ethnic composition Chicago is the largest city in Illinois a state in the US. According to the US census bureau it has nearly 2.7 million residents and this makes it the most populous city in the Midwestern United states and is also ranked the third most populous state in the United States after New York and Los Angeles that are considered the most populated areas (Mackun & Wilson, 2011). Chicago is the headquarters of Cook County (City of Chicago, 2011) which is the second most populous county in the US coming after Los Angeles and California. Chicago is one of the first cities in the world w ith a fast growing population. Its population has continued to grow every year and this can be attributed to the many services that are available to cater for people’s needs in this city. According to the US census Bureau there were 2,695,598 people with a total of 1,045,560 households residing within the city of Chicago (CB, 2010). It is estimated that more than half of the population of the state of Illinois stay in Chicago metropolitan area. The city’s racial composition is 45.0% whites with 31.7% non-Hispanic whites (Forman & Krysan, 2008), 32.9% African American, 5.5% Asian (City Data, 2010). It has a Hispanic population of 28.9%. The population percentage from 2000-2010 stood at -6.9%. Persons under the age of 5 years are 6.5%, under 18 years are, 23.1%, persons 65 years and over are 10.3%, while the female persons percentage is at 51.5% (CB, 2010). The age distribution include below 10 are 15.2% 10s are 13.8% 20s at 18.0%, 30s at 16.6%, 40s at 13.5%, 50s 9.2 %, 60s 6.3% and above 70 at 7.4% (Zllow, 2011). Fig. 1 Races in Chicago Source: http://igpa.uillinois.edu/cas/media/pubs/Forman_Krysan_2008.pdf Education In the Education sector, the percentage of high school graduates in Chicago aged 25 and over stands at 78%, those with a bachelor’s degree or higher and who are 25 years and over stand at 31.7% (CB, 2010). The public schools are governed by Chicago public schools (CPS) while the private schools are run by two religious groups the Catholics and the Lutheran. A look at the marital statuses of people in Chicago reveal 28.27% married, 49.47% never married, 12.69% separated, 3.99% widowed and 5.57% divorced. The median household income 2005-2009 was $46.781 (Sperlings, 2010). Fig.1. Marital Status in Chicago: source: www.census.gov Health Characteristics and problems There exists a wealth of information about the heath characteristics of people in Chicago. Childhood obesity is one of the most prevalent health crisis in Chicago such that the rate of obesity among Chicago children aged 3-7 is very high estimated to be twice the national average for children in the same age group. Adult obesity is most seen in the minority communities (Whitman,

Congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Congress - Essay Example The CES was claimed to have unilaterally enacted a series of rules and regulations that required all students to undergo a search of their clothes, backpacks, lockers, and desks each morning. The rules also permitted random searches to take place. A hidden provision in the regulation allowed for enforcement officials to target their investigations more towards female students than male students, since studies had shown that females talk on cellular phones more often than males. Penalties for violating CES rules and regulations include the following: for a first offense, no hearing is held and the student receives a written warning; for a second offense, a hearing conducted by school officials is held and an automatic suspension is handed down; for a third offense, a full hearing is held by a board for the CES, after which a guilty finding results in expulsion, arrest, and incarceration for 30 days. School officials are also permitted, under the regulations, to permanently keep any cellular phones they confiscate. It is alleged that there were no notice was given or hearings held prior to the enactment of the rules and regulations. Lastly, there was an incident where a student was immediately expelled from school, arrested, and incarcerated without the opportunity to appear and defend herself against the charges, and that the cellular phone was taken by the authorities, never returned to such student nor her parents. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides that there shall be no violation of the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, and that no warrants shall issue, except upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized (U.S. Const. amend. IV.). The Fifth Amendment of the US Constitution further

Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economy - Assignment Example In carrying out this research the researchers used purposive sampling and questionnaires in data collection so as to increase the chances of conducting a perfect research. This article specifically discusses results from two cities; St. Louis and Cincinnati where in both cases magnet school were successful. There are costs associated with magnet school which include transport. The benefits achieved from this program were found to outweigh the cost as valued by parents and teachers. Clark in his article outlines the hard choices that the university fraternity has to make so as to remain competitive in terms of quality and the autonomy that institution deserves. Public research University faces challenges; the ever increasing number of student and the limited availability of resources. This offers the private university a comparative advantage. In order to bridge this gap he offers short- term solution which includes; privatizing tuition and federalizing the universities, this increases their competitiveness. In addition, universities should concentrate on increasing public support, increasing efficiency in use of resources, pluralistic leadership, enhancing long-term path to be followed by the movement. There are uncertainties whether research University fosters productivity and sustainability. In conclusion the author appreciates the benefits derived from development of human capital generated from universities. (Kerr 187) The author introduces this article by outlining the difficulties that the founders of colleges faced while trying to establish a college. He points out that, colleges established lacked buildings, students or professors, thus making colleges in complete. In addition the founders used crude ways in establishing colleges like other economic activities. From this article the author also outlines that the college founders were mainly missionaries or settlers. It was also established that

North Korea defectors effect on South Korean society. is positive or Essay

North Korea defectors effect on South Korean society. is positive or negative - Essay Example The North Koreans settlement in South Korea has hampered the medical sector since the available medical facilities are not sufficient to serve the increased population. The BBC reported that many people have died due to poor medical care resulting from the shortage of medical staff and related supplies. The defectors are often faced with psychological problems and hence psychiatrists have had an increased load of work and their numbers cannot satisfy the demanding population. Psychological sufferings have therefore been manifested among the South Koreans. A report by the CNN showed that the problem of housing has become a concern in South Korea following the increased population in the last decade. The South Korean government took the initiative of providing the defectors with a house to settle in as well as funds and a career guider. The report stated that offering of houses to the defectors reduced the numbers of houses available to settle in and this has led to negative effects on the housing sector. The cost of housing has increased and this has promoted the emergence of slums and shantytowns in areas such as Rio de Janeiro and Gaema. The Chosun new also reported that following the increased population and unemployment, the security level among the South Korea society has reduced. The unemployed youth have resulted into robbery into finding a source of livelihood. In conclusion, the migration of the North Koreans into South Korea has had both positive and negative effects on the South Korean society.

The Role of the Holy Spirit in the Sacrament of Baptism Essay

The Role of the Holy Spirit in the Sacrament of Baptism - Essay Example The general use of purification in the pagan manner of worship means cleansing before entering the temple, after engaging in warfare, before handling of idols which they considered sacred, and to put oneself in a spiritual position. Christian baptism basically is for the purpose of cleansing the person so that they may receive the Spirit of God (Thomas, 2008). Washing which was done by immersion in some pagan religions was the first step in the ceremony of initiation and it was concluded with a meal (Edward, 1994). This seems to resemble the cleansing done before the Eucharist or communion service, and even though the two are not presided by an immersion, the purposes of the cleansing seem to resemble each other. There was also a myth surrounding the idea of immersing that the god Thetis immersed people completely to make them invulnerable holding them only at the heel but having all other parts of the body immersed. John13:9 narrates about John asking Jesus not to only wash his feet , but also his whole body. John the Baptist baptized Jesus at Aenon where there was much water which implies that it was an immersion whereby the whole body needed to be covered by the water. In the beginning of all of the four Gospels, the phrase â€Å"baptize with the Spirit† is found eight times and John the Baptist promises that the one coming after him was to be baptized with the Holy Spirit and fire. The symbolic meaning of fire was judgment, since Mathew3:12 and Luke 3:17 narrate, â€Å"His winnowing fork is in His hand, He will clear His threshing floor and gather His wheat into His granary, but the chaff He will burn with unquenchable fire†. Fire and judgment were associated, for example, by prophets as they preached, as shown in Amos7:4 and Malachi 3:2 (Killian & Montague, 1994). Other prophets, like Jeremiah and Isaiah, also mention fire and judgment in their prophesies, denoting God’s judgment. Commentators then argue that the Holy Spirit mentioned b y John during his ministry of baptizing in the Jordan was the Spirit of repentance and preparation so as to receive the Messiah and escape the fire of God’s judgment, and also to be prepared for ministry, when one underwent the ritual with true repentance. The baptism of Jesus in the river Jordan, the subsequent descent of the Holy Spirit, and the confirmation by God that He was God’s beloved son are the same steps today that a Christian follows, being purified or being initiated, being empowered by being filled by the holy Spirit to perform ministry in the Kingdom of God as a son in the Kingdom (Edward, 1994). Jesus also calls His suffering and death on the cross baptism, as found in Mark 10:38 -39. The reason for this use of the term â€Å"baptism† is because the suffering is looked upon as a bath into which Jesus was to be immersed. The view is that the death of Jesus was God’s way of dealing with mankind’s sin; a judgment gives more reason wher e the passion of Christ is referred to as a baptism (Killian & Montague, 1994). This inclusion of this aspect in St Marks Gospel also demonstrates that the Holy Spirit’s baptism of believers is not only for ministry empowerment to heal and cast out demons, but also to enable them to have the Grace to offer their lives as a ransom for many, due to the fact that Jesus is their role model and that he stated they were to drink the same cup He drank. The

Swin flow Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Swin flow - Research Paper Example A person acquires flu when the droplets land into their mouths or noses (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]). The flu can be passed on before a person knows he or she is sick or when the person is sick. Majority of the healthy adults can infect others on day 1 before the symptoms can develop and up to five to seven days after the adult becomes sick. Children and people with a weak immune system can infect others for a long time. The disease is unpredictable and how severe it can be varies from one season to the other and it is dependent on the following things; (a) the type of the flu viruses spreading, (b) the amount of flu vaccine available, (c) the time the vaccine is available, (d) the number of people who get vaccinated, and (e) the conformity and compatibility of the vaccine to the flu viruses causing the illness. People at high risk of developing serious complications when they get the flu include the older people, pregnant women, young children and people with particular health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease or asthma. Between 1976 and 2006, flu-associated deaths are estimated to be in the range of 3, 000 to 49, 000 people. 2009/2010 period witnessed the first flu pandemic in over 40 years. 2009 H1N1 pandemic caused 12, 000 flu-associated deaths in the United States (CDC). More than 90 percent of the H1N1 death occurrences were among people who were younger than 65 years of age. Seasonal influenza is estimated to kill more than 36, 000 people and hospitalizing more than 200, 000 per year in the United States (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [NIAID]) The following are some of the complications that are associated with flu; ear infections, bacterial pneumonia, dehydration, sinus infections, and deterioration of chronic medical conditions such as asthma, congestive heart failure and diabetes. Research institutes such as

Capstone Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Capstone Paper - Coursework Example rimary objective of this business plan is to describe the company, present the market analysis, highlight the market strategy, and define the implementation strategy. The marketing plan will also present financial statements and projected financial report for the first year of operation. The mission of Cypress Workforce Training is to take a unique and innovative approach towards providing educational services that help employees and fresh graduates connect their classroom education to workplace requirements. 1. To provide high quality, experienced, and professional workers to business entities that currently rely only on the formal academics, and are spending excessive resources to train employees for short-term contracts. 1. Cypress Workforce Training intends to develop methods of approach that links workplace requirements and classroom teaching particularly in solving ethical dilemmas and dealing with cultural and behavioral diversities. This is critical to the success of the business because employees will develop self-adjustment mechanisms to enable them fit into the workplace regardless of widespread diversities. 2. The company will create effective marketing strategies that can reach as many people as possible. Reaching a variety of people will increase demand for the company’s services. Cypress Workforce Training will benefit from increased number of customers in terms of profitability and sustainability. 3. Listening to the requirements of the clients and striving to institute their needs and proposals into training programs will be vital for the success of the business. Success of the business is founded on principles of quality service provision. Quality implies tailoring the services to meet customer satisfaction. This implies that the institution will operate in accordance to the customer demands. Meeting customer needs and requirements will guarantee business growth and sustainability. Cypress Workforce Trainers will work under the industry of

My Dream Job Essay Example for Free

My Dream Job Essay Everyone has a dream. I too dream of a job that will make me child’s dream comes true. My grandfather and father both traditional Chinese physician. They have excellent medical skill and lofty medical ethic. In China, The doctor is called ‘angles in white’, People respect them. I used to get sick in my childhood. My father always can cure my disease by traditional Chinese medical. I think everything like a magic. I feel so amazing. I adore my father, so when I was a child, I want to be a traditional Chinese physician. And then the dream is not changed. History By learning about more knowledge, I know Traditional Chinese medicine has a history of several years. It is one of Chinese splendid cultural heritages. It is the science dealing with human physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. During several thousand years it has made great contributions to the promotion of health, the proliferation and prosperity of the Chinese nation, and the enrichment and development of world medicine as well. pic] Li Shizhen, one of the famous physicians in the Chinese history. He is very important for the traditional Chinese medical’ develop. He makes people start attention it. He wrote too many books that about how to use the tradition skill to cure the sickness to save the patient. [pic] ‘Ben Cao Gang Mu’ is the most famous of traditional Chinese medical books by Li Shizhen wro te. The book consists of 52 volumes with 1,892 medicinal herbs, including over 10,000 prescriptions and 1,000 illustrations of medicinal items. It is a great contribution to the development of pharmacology both in China and all over the world. Methods of treatment †¢ Diagnose skills †¢ Chinese massage †¢ Acupuncture †¢ Chinese herbs ? Diagnose skills [pic] There is a combined use of the four diagnostic methods among herbalist doctors: observe, hear and smell, ask about background and touching After the four steps, the doctor can know patient’s illness. Then treatment was deferred pending further diagnosis. ? Chinese massage [pic] Chinese massage is known as Tui Na, uses wave-like motions to loosen joints and nourish muscles. Bring awareness back to a person’s body and making it a first step in the healing process. Stimulate the flow of Qi, blood and body fluids can be used to treat pain, stress or digestion problem. The masseur can give you an all-over massage and focus on specific areas with pain or do a treatment on the affected area. So tradition Chinese medical can use our life. Chinese massage need skilled technological and more experiences. So I should constant practice. ? Acupuncture Acupuncture is both One of the oldest forms of Chinese Medicine. It as same as massage are both important. Acupuncture involves the stimulation of anatomical points on the body with thin needled. Needles are placed at â€Å"Yin/Yang Meridian points†. Contrary to what you might think, acupuncture patients usually feel little to no pain, because acupuncture needles are hair-thin and are manipulated either by hand or electricity. [pic] ? Chinese herbs Except for use these skills, tradition Chinese physician also need know Chinese herbs purposes. Herbs are a vital part of Chinese healing. Chinese herbs have many kinds. Differentiate into many species. Each ingredient has unique characteristics. The ingredients work in harmony to help a person’s body. Herbs can help boost Qi and balance Yin/Yang. [pic] Advantage †¢ Whatever traditional Chinese physician or other doctors, they have many same effects. They like an angel who brings patients from illness to happiness and give the hope to the patients to live on. They may let these experiences personally the human which the indisposition suffers to get rid of the pain and they saved many people’s lives during their work. †¢ Traditional Chinese physician not only can help patients take away the pain, but also help people keep in good health by some traditional methods. For example: Chinese food therapy is good for our health, and it can use to our daily life, for food and drink. Certain foods and herbs are prescribed to restore balance to the body. Combining Qigong with exercise is a good choice, because it regulates the mind and breathing to promote the flow of Qi. It can make our sound in body and mind. [pic] [pic] †¢ Traditional Chinese medicine contains thousands of year people’s wisdom. It is only belong to Chinese unique culture. †¢ And Chinese herbs are from nature, without adding any chemicals. So the herbs don’t have bad effect for health. Tradition Chinese medicine is an abstract subject. It has many different skills. The effects of different, but they are the same important. So I know that if I want to be a good tradition Chinese physician, I need spend many energy and time to master different knowledge and learn how to become a good doctor. I will try do my best that make dream come true.

Robin Hood Swot Essay Example for Free

Robin Hood Swot Essay 1) Perform a basic SWOT analysis on the situation Robin Hood is in. List the top 3-4 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that Robin Hood faces. Strengths * The more people that join Robin Hood the better to outnumber the Sherriff * His close friends have a good understanding of their duties * Are pretty organized and have a clear goal Weaknesses * Group became too large * Discipline was not in reach once such a large group banded together, many arguments ensued * Became more disorganized as group grew * Less accommodations were available Opportunities * Restoring power to King Richard will solve Robin Hoods issue with the Sheriff * King Richard may recognize Robin Hood abilities and make him his right hand man * Robin Hood could make a name for himself and be in history books due to his accomplishments Threats * Sheriff’s backing was becoming stronger and organized * Sheriff has political connections and influential allies * Sheriff’s men could kill them all 2) Are the various Threats that Robin Hood faces and the Weaknesses he has getting worse or getting better? As the days went on, the threats and weaknesses were mounting against Robin Hood. Since there wasn’t any filtering of persons joining the group, they did not weed out the unscrupulous ones. The group was running out of the necessary supplies to survive and couldn’t contain the madness. When all of this was happening, people started leaving Robin’s group to back the sheriff. His allegiances and organization was very attractive to Robin’s men. 3) The case describes several different options (the Opportunities in your SWOT analysis) that Robin Hood could choose to follow to fix his problems: a. Implement a fixed Transit Tax b. Expand to a larger area within/around the forest c. Kill the Sheriff d. Join the Barons in a plan to free the King Richard. Which ONE of the opportunities described in the case do you think will do the best job of addressing the situation that Robin Hood’s group is in and fixing their long term problems? Why? I would say that the best choice for Robin Hood to fix his problems would be to join the Barons in a plan to free King Richard. I think that Robin Hood could bring his people (the ones that remained) together and build some sort of a structured environment. Once that is completed, they could join forces and free King Richard. In a successful rescue and â€Å"re-throning†, he will be able to address the people’s concerns and bring happiness to all. Maybe then they will not be anymore â€Å"stealing from the rich to give to the poor†.

Impact Of The Game Revolution On Society Media Essay

Impact Of The Game Revolution On Society Media Essay Introduction: In the assignment I am going to talk about impact of the game revolution on society and I am going to write about advantage and disadvantages of impact of the game revolution on society. I am also going explain about 10 different types of computer games and also write about psychological effects of computer gaming. Impact of computer games on society Advantage of impact of the game revolution on society. The advantage of effect of the game revolution on society is that it is a very good tool for relaxing having fun with friends or family and other games like brain training are very important for your brain. The result of computer games on children can also be confident with the improvement of game that also challenge children sharply and also consoles like Nintendo wii which also build up a self-confident of physical activity. Childrens computer games can be good-natured, sharply challenging and fun. The benefits of video games are that they are a non-threatening and it is fun way to bring in children to computers. In some games children may also help to develop by getting better childrens by playing tic-tac-toe, number and alphabetical games, cube maze and brain- training games etc, which can improve hand -eye-skills and brain. Some of the studies even show that as little as one month of training with a language based computer game and it can help a child to develop their own skills by reading, maths and problem solving and language skills. Disadvantage of impact of the game revolution on society. The disadvantage of impact game has on society is that it is not good for your health, brain and eyes. The computer games are as much a part of childhood as skipping ropes and teddy bears. Nowadays children spent too much time on computer games or in consoles and it can be bad for child development. This is a habit to complaint from modern lifestyles for a lot and including limited common skills. In the modern generation when a child plays computer games it is really bad for them. Children spend many hours in front on the monitor and not going out enough could also matter general problems and they become shy person. The children become distract from more important thing like social activities and homework. The game develop nowadays become a more mad to the games and also have a weakness to lose control and become more crazy. There many complaints were found among children playing in computer for long time and they doesnt go to sleep and play till night and also doesnt eat properly for example, children play shooting, fighting and racing which can effect on body for example, they can have eyes injury, wrist, neck and back pains, headache and nerve and muscle damages. There are different effects that children and childrens development. If they violent game they can increased disturbing thoughts, feelings and behaviour. The research also seems to make that much of the effect of computer games on children are affected by the parents and they also fights without reason in school and playing with friends in park. If you want your child grow up with a healthy body, they stop playing shooting and fighting games in computer for not more than one hour. They should go out and they play outdoor games, help your mom to clean house and go with her shopping to carry some heavy bags. Describe different types of computer game There are many different types of computer games for example, action, adventure, shooting, puzzle, educational, sports, racing, simulations, combat, role- playing and strategy games. I am going to describe about 10 different types of games. Strategy games- Strategy game is about the war games and you can play in different ways. Role- playing games- A  role-playing game  (RPG) is a broad family of  games  in which players think the roles of  characters  in a made up  setting. Even you can play one player or two player games. Combat games Combat games is about battle and tank game. Simulations games- Simulation games is about to make something. Action games: Action game is video game types that maintain physical challenges, including hand-eye coordination and reaction-time. The variety includes different games such as fighting games and shooter games. Adventure games: An  adventure game  is a  computer-based game  in which the player accepts the role of character in an  interactive story driven by searching and  puzzle-solving in its place of physical challenge. Educational games: Educational games are games that have been specifically designed to teach people about a certain subject. Sports games: A sport game is a computer or video games that act the playing of classic sports. Generally sports have been recreated with a game, including team sports, athletics and extreme sports. Racing games: Racing games is a competition with any type land, air or sea vehicles. Puzzle games: Puzzle games are a type of video games that highlight puzzle solving. The types of puzzles to be solved can test many problem solving skills including logic and words. What is the psychological effect of games on individuals? We have all played computer games, but most of them sit in the computer for long time and they never moved for longer hour. The maker of impact games is having effects on our society. Most of the people are quite unfair on computer games effect by choosing one of the them can be also positive and negative. Computer games can also have large limits of effect in our society. Most of the games effects can be treated as good and bad. Violence is one of the main effects of games in society. Nowadays the teenagers have started to put the game violence in real life. The games have affected gamers so badly that now they are unaware of their surroundings and have effects their physical state. Games have impacted gamers mentally and physically in a negative way, as they play games they get obsessed with them, which makes them lazy as they hardly move. The main effect is when gamers keep looking at the screen their eye sight becomes weaker. The gamers are so into the games that when they go out, they try things in real which they did in game. The growing improvement in skill sound and graphics, gaming has become far more lifelike in bringing  together to what it used to be. When graphics were poor, violence such as shooting, kicking, punching did not seem intelligent and therefore it was harder to relate to what was happening on screen. Nowadays more games look and sound more lifelike, and address useful themes such as drug dealing, gangsters, wars becomes easier for more individuals to relate to these games. This practical issue can likely lead to an increase in violent thought and maybe even violent behaviour, as negative behaviour becomes more expected and accepted. Children who played a violent video game displayed a higher level of anger than children who played a nonviolent game. If a violent game is played by an individual for too long, they may become sensitive to the violence they are faced with, and this may direct to them believing that violence. The gaming can also have positive psychological effects on the gamer. It is often argued that gaming is better than watching television, as there is more communication with gaming. This communication may promote things like problem solving, planning, testing and opinion when playing the game. These factors could increase positive behaviour, such as problem solving and reasonable skills. The one simple psychological effect that gaming has on the individual that plays it. The background and the context of every gamer will mean that everyone is achieve differently. A connection between violent games and violent behaviour is quite visible. The psychological effects show that gaming has entirely personal to the individual question, and it is difficult to decide right that what affects and individual psychology. Since game alone is not to be responsible for factors such as violence or logical success. It is an improvement, one-sided to every individual.

Huck Finns Ending Essay -- essays research papers

Dear Mark Twain,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reading your famous novel, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† I don’t feel that the ending you have created is suitable for the book. Throughout the entire novel, Huck is going to all extremes to help out a friend in need, Jim. As a slave, Jim is grateful for having such an honest and open friend like Huck, but it seems as if when he finds out he was free all along, things change. When Jim and Huck found themselves at the end of their journey, neither had anything left to run from because Huck’s dad was dead and Jim found out that Mrs. Watson freed him when she passed away a few months ago and hoped he would soon be with his family. Because of this ending of your choice, we never find out Huck’s true feelings about helping a run away slave besides what we learned earlier in the book. It seems as if the special bond that Huck and Jim shared was over, each were going their own separate ways and moving on in their lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I found the ending very disappointing because throughout all the situations that took place in the book, Twain develops Huck as a character growing up and accepting his innate ideas of right and wrong, but we soon find out that Huck hasn’t grown at all. It seems as if Huck and Jim have formed a strong friendship with each other and Huck no longer looks down upon his as a slave, but sees him as an equal individual and a friend. When Huck is re-united with Tom, we find this to be false because he goes back to his old ways in which he was taught through his child hood and refers to Jim as property.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another major disappointment is that Twain ends the novel as he started, with Huck running away from a civilized life style. In the beginning of the novel, Mrs. Watson was trying to civilize Huck so he decided to run away, at the end of the novel he fears that Aunt Sally is going to try and civilize him, so he decides to run west to the enchanted territory. This is an important technique that Twain uses to try and indirectly point blame at anybody, but it is obvious to the reader. Huck does not decide to leave because he thinks that society is rotten, he decides to leave because he thinks that he is the one that is rotten, and cannot be civilized, so he decides to go somewhere far away from civilization. Ironically, it is the corrupting... ...n. He applied what little knowledge he had well, and managed to help several people, including himself, along his journey down the river.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One idea that I found very interesting was that Huck and Jim were two completely different people running in the same direction in the beginning, and at the end they become the closest of friends, but when we soon learn that it seems as if all has faded away and the journey was useless. It comes across to the reader that both Huck and Jim were on the raft together for one reason and that would be to escape civilization. That would be the original idea but because of their bond that’s not the intent of the book. Huck and Jim both had one thing that held them together and that was the goodness at heart, not only did Huck go against everything he was taught, but he didn’t have a problem doing it and by you ending the book in such a way just seems like everything that happened doesn’t matter and an incredible journey traveled by two amazing individuals doesn’t matter in the end. It just seems like Huck gave up on everything he worked so har d for and not only let himself down, but his best friend and companion Jim also.

John Steinbecks East of Eden - A Biblical Allegory Essay -- East Eden

East of Eden: A Biblical Allegory  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In East of Eden (1952) John Steinbeck creates a powerful novel using biblical allegories. By doing this, he can deliver a clear message by describing something unfamiliar to his audience and comparing it to something more familiar. Set in modern times, East of Eden retells the famous story of the downfall of Adam and Eve, and the jealous rivalry between Cain and Able. Steinbeck also creates many other characters throug his novel, that capture a biblical sense and help portray an image of the vast confusion of life. One character that resembles a biblical character is Cathy Ames. Throughout the entirety of the novel, her character portrays that of a monstrous almost inhuman creature. "... just as there are physical monsters, can there not be mental or psychic monsters born? The face and body may be perfect, but if a twisted gene or malformed egg can produce malformed soul? To a criminal, honesty is foolish. You must not forget that a monster is only a variation, and that to a monster the norm is monstrous" (72). These abilities Cathy possessed allowed her to manipulate and control nearly everyone. Her inborn talent enabled her to repress normal emotions of love and thus posses many devil like characteristics. One being the manipulation of sex. In the second half of the story Cathy has married and unintentionally bears the lives of her two unborn sons. Before arriving in their destination of King City, Cathy deviously attempts to abort the lives within her. "He [Dr. Tilson] looked around the room . He stepped to the bureau and picked up a knitting needle. He shook it in her face. 'The old offender - the old criminal. You're a fool. You've nearly killed yourself and you haven't lost y... ...ch children can spend a lifetime trying to decipher the expressions of their love. Sometime later Adam becomes deathly ill. While on his death bed Lee pleads with Adam to forgive Caleb and bless him. "'Don't crush him with your rejection. Give him your blessing! ... That's all a man has over the beasts. Free him! Bless him!" (602). Slowly and with much effort Adam raises his right hand, displaying his act of blessing on Caleb. Like all strong allegories, East of Eden draws one into a world of fictious characters that seem to take on a life of familiarity. The bible, which Steinbeck has chosen to build his novel on, is a book that interests itself not in causes, but in actions and their consequences. By creating biblical allegories, Steinbeck gives a new meaning to an old chapter. Works Cited: Steinbeck, John. East of Eden. Penguin Books USA Inc. (1992).   

Business Plan for a Nightclub Essay examples -- Business Management Fi

Business Plan for a Nightclub LEVEL 3 plans to be a chain of upscale nightclubs centering around the middle Georgia areas. It is demographically targeted to middle aged adult’s ages ranging from 25 and up. LEVEL 3 aims at providing quality entertainment, food and refreshments along with a welcoming environment that will give our customers a unique and entertaining experience. Company Overview This company evolved through a partnership on January 19th 2005. LEVEL 3 is located in Perry, Georgia and caters to the surrounding Middle Georgia areas. The company plans to attract upscale and mature customers whose ages range from 25 and older. LEVEL 3 will be the premier, high-energy themed dance and night club in Middle Georgia. We will provide our customers with live entertainment, quality food and service along with a great atmosphere. We want to create an intimate setting that will make our customers feel a sense of belonging. Easily manageable and profitable, this business appeals to customers who want to relax and meet different enjoyable and exciting people. It will capitalize on the ever growing demand for a safe and sophisticated nightclub. Our objectives are to profit on our excellent location in Perry, Georgia, with commitment to the community developments. We also want to maintain tight control of costs, operations, and cash flow through diligent management. In additi on, we will maintain a food cost below 33% of food revenue and beverage costs below 25% of beverage revenue. Finally, we plan to exceed $3 million in annual sales by the third year of plan implementation. LEVEL 3 plans to launch with a highly publicized grand opening event in the summer of 2005. It intends to expand to other cities within Georgia after revenues excel. Product Plan LEVEL 3 will be characterized by the elaborate dance club situated in a spectator setting which comfortably accommodates 350 guests. The area will offer two private sky boxes and one banquet room which can be combined for use in a conference or private party setting. Also these rooms are intended for special events and daily use. In order to reach and maintain a unique image of quality, LEVEL 3 will provide attentive and friendly service through a high ratio of service personnel to customers, and will also invest in the training and supervision of its employees. The initial hours of operation will be fro... ...footage than anyone else in the region. A simple, yet unique, themed menu and atmosphere will create a sense of 'belonging' for locals and tourists alike. Our operating credo is: "happy enthusiastic employees create happy enthusiastic guests." The main objectives of the development of this new venue are: †¢ Capitalize on excellent location opportunity with swift commitment to the new Town Square development. †¢ To launch the venue with a highly publicized grand opening event in the summer of 2001. †¢ To maintain tight control of costs, operations, and cash flow through diligent management and automated computer control. †¢ To maintain a food cost below 33% of food revenue. †¢ To maintain a total beverage cost below 25% of beverage revenue. †¢ To exceed $3 million in annual sales by the third year of plan implementation. The keys to success in achieving our goals are: †¢ Provide exceptional service that leaves an impression. †¢ Consistent entertainment atmosphere and product quality. †¢ Managing our internal finances and cash flow to enable upward capital growth. †¢ Strict control of all costs, at all times, without exception

Empowerment of the Employees in the Hospitality Industry Essay

Introduction Human Resource Management group of any type of business group play a great role in any organization’s progressive procedures. This is especially true in terms of the organization’s joined in the hospitality industry. Most likely, it is agreeable among all business organizations that the people or the target market is the main source of the â€Å"blood line† of any business group at that. Constant referral of the people as the main source of life for the said organizations certainly leads to the idea that most of their activities and business operations are aimed to please the clients that they ought to serve basing on the products and the services that they offer for public consumption. This is the reason why understanding the primary role of HRM in the progressive procedures of the said hospitality industry organizations is an important factor that must be dealt with in examining the progressive factors that contribute to the advancement of the hospitality industry within the American society as well as around the world. The fact that the key role of the employees within an organization is to keep its reputation up with regards the service that the company gives to its clients, there should be a certain span of attention given to their motivated progress as part of a progressing company as well. However, to know the most important factor contributing to the progression of this discussion, it is important to examine what really is the hospitality industry pertaining to? Background of the Study The business organizations making up the hospitality industry are mainly those that are serving the social market with the best service that they are able to offer to the human community. Overall, the organizations that are concerned with servicing the human society at the best possible process that they could are considered a member of the hospitality industry. The organization’s constant aim of giving state of the art service to the people makes them survive in the industry that they are involved with. To give at least a much vivid picture of the industry, the discussion of its four major branches shall help in the process of comprehension of the issue being talked about. The said four branches of the hospitality industry include (a) Accommodation Service Providers, which includes hotels, public houses for rent, motels, resorts and sanatoriums; (b) Travel and Tourism, which includes travel agents, airline cabin staff and travel technology; (c)Bars and Clubs which includes nightclubs and public houses; (d) Service and Support such as accountancy as well as occupational health and spa. The branches mentioned herein show the obvious fact that the organizations that are involved within the said industry tries to pioneer in the market of entertainment and servicing activities that actually ease the responsibilities of the human society. Since this is a fact that makes up the entire hospitality industry, it should be considered that human effort is a very important factor in the progress of the said industry. Hence, empowering them and giving them the attention that they need for them to be motivated enough to perform the best possible service that they could offer both the company and their clients as well. This particular procedure of taking care of the inner force of certain servicing organizations indeed affects the overall reputation of the entire business that also affects its performance in the world trade market. This is the main reason why it is very important for the administrations of several servicing organizations to understand the impact that motivational procedures have on the status of the progressive steps that the business groups are trying to aim for and complete within their operational engagements. This is where the involvement of the Human resources Management enters the situation. The motivational procedures that they are taking into consideration actually affects the performance of the entire business organization in the industry. Human Resources Management: The Challenges and Changes The need for having strong health assistance systems in large urban cities in the United States as well as other highly industrialized countries around the world is a challenge to many medical institutions that provide the needed services for such concerns. This is where the role of the Human Resources Management comes in. As known to many, this kind of issue demands a high shift on the human resource systems that a certain company uses. As for medical institutions such as Mt. Carmel and Tucson Medical Center, hiring and retaining employees within the work loading systems of the medical institution was much of a hard challenge for them. In the paragraphs to follow, the issues along with the responsibility of the Human Resource Management team of both medical institutions shall be discussed. The resolutions made for the said issues would also be tackled afterwards. The HRM Responsibilities The Human Resource Management Department or team is a common section that every profit or at times even non-profit organizations have. The reason behind the constant existence of this bisection in every organization is the fact that it has so much control over the staffing systems as well as providing the people within the organization with what they are due as well as with what they need (Clarke, 1998). In this regard, the importance of the presence of this organizational sector is then essential for keeping and motivating employees do their best in their assigned duties. As mentioned earlier, the challenge that has mainly directed HRM teams of both Mount Carmel Medical Institution and Tucson Medical Center to resorting to some revolutionary solutions to be able to meet the said challenges. Indeed, the responsibility that they have towards the employees that include providing them with what they need while still upholding the objectives of the institution to gain the best possible profit solution for the organization. The balanced view towards these needs have to be addressed thoroughly by the HRM team. By doing so, they are expected to provide the stakeholders of the organization with what they needed at a best possible solution (Keener, 1999). Before, the solution that both company’s HRM team was hiring temporary nurses to fill in the need. However, in due time, temporary nurses were not able to fill much of the needs of the said medical institutions. The Best Solution With the introduction of new technology and information processing systems through the internet, the revolution of network based staffing remedies hosted by some information programming companies has been the best possible solution for many people support techniques that different organizations in the business industry use today. This fact has also been proven true by the way Mount Carmel and Tucson Medical Center have faced the challenge of effectively using the human resources that they already have and doing away with hiring temporary nurses to fill in the void positions in the hospitals. At first, the HRM team of both medical institutions has had doubts on how effective the online processes could be for their employees. However, when they saw that the said program would be much beneficial both for the hospital’s objectives as well as with the employees, they took the chance of implementing the said resolution. As a result, this system has provided both institutions with so much ease and best results for the services that they offer to their clients who are hoping for excellent healthcare provisions. Implementing such programs have fully equipped the Human Resource Management teams to rearrange the staffing system in the institutions they work for while also being able to provide the organization with what they expect from their service operations. However, the said implementation also has its own disadvantages as further enlisted by Maureen Minehan in the article â€Å"Technology’s increasing impact on the workplace†. The said advantages are as follows: †¢ Portability †¢ Discrimination †¢ Legal issues †¢ Worker’s compensation and liability scheduling (1997) The said issues are considered to be among the least yet most important details that must be considered in the implementation of online programs for staffing employees. Minehan further adds that it would not be so much a surprise that because of the implementation f such technological systems, the said techniques that are governed by technological advancement â€Å"would eventually change, thus also affecting the activities of the HRM teams of the organizations† (1997). The existence of the new technological innovations on information sharing is indeed a gift to the social systems, especially organizational systems that exists today. However, like other remedies, the said innovations have their own advantages and disadvantages once they are implied. Hence, this is the main reason why the Human Resources Management teams are further faced with the challenge of whether to apply the said technological innovations in their company’s system or not. The important thing though is the idea that whether they would implement it or not, the main focus of their job is to provide the company and its employees with the best benefit that could get from the service that they render the clients of the organization. By being focused in the said responsibility, it would be easier to choose on whether to implement the technological programs or not. Management and the Hospitality Industry T, take for example the Australian economy. The Australian community is made up of a large number of minorities or immigrants who have been entering the boundaries of the country searching for employment. Hence, through this particular truth, it could be observed that the management teams of the business organizations in Australia faces the challenge of dealing with the differences of the people who are employed in the country especially in the hospitalityindustry (Leat, 2001, 14). This is particularly the one of the reasons why management and its procedural applications could not simply be passive agent in the foundation of a fine employee relations structure.(Greenwood, 2005, 19) The fact that the internal effects of globalization is focused upon the idea of employing people more than ever, the Australian retailing industry primarily aims to commit its services to the people as much as it could. Along with this, the business organizations are given the high privilege of making a difference in the society, aiming to continuously allowing people see the fact that through employment, they could be able to satisfy their needs and their demands with regards an aimed lifestyle that they have always dreamed of for them and their families as well (Kaufman, 2003, 25). This particular truth on employment satisfaction is the primary reason why the management teams are established. TO be able to motivate the employed personnels for them to work with the goals of the organization along with their personal aims as well, It is necessary to develop the ways by which the management is able to provide them with the satisfaction that they need (Kaufman, 2003, 19). This is the way by which an employee relations procedure is established for the betterment of the entire workforce of business organizations. Hospitality Organizations are expected to control a large number of employees as they are mainly empowered by the selling abilities of salesclerks and cashiers and other rank and file positions within the organization. Creating a fine working environment for the employees would certainly help in the establishment of a strong business organization. Through policing and employee relations establishment the said motivational factor that would assist the employees in working their efforts towards the right path of success is indeed needed.(Greenwood, 2005, 56) This is where the management procedures practiced by the management teams of different organizations enters the scene. Several hospitality companies in Australia are paying much to be able to help their workforce have a clear motivation towards their goals as well as with the company’s goals (Bruce, 2004, 21). Conclusion Continuously sticking to the example carried herein with regards the Australian economy, it could be noted that there are those that preempt the industries in Australia as neither as strong or even a weak status in the world economy. At some point, the said reactions are derived form the fact that the hospitality industries are at some point lacking the capability to assist their employees in reaching their goals making it harder for the workforce to perform well, which might result to lesser successful accounts of profitable outcome for the Australian economy. This is where the importance of human resource management should be strongly applied among hospitality organizations. From this perspective, it could be observed and thus proven that the management sector of any organization is definitely not a passive agent when it comes to empowering the human relations of certain business companies especially in the Australian Hospitality Industry (George, 2005, 65). Most often than not, it could be noted that the Management team even has the largest responsibility in creating the possibilities for a larger, more successful employee relations within the hospitality industry systems. Especially taking into consideration the major role of the human resource management in empowering the people of those who are working within the hospitality industries, it could be observed that people are supposed to be served and be serviced at the same time. The ability of the human resource management to create possibilities by which the stakeholders of the organization would actually benefit from could actually help the said industry grow towards its peak servicing operations within the human society. From the study presented herein, it could be noted that there are several responsibilities that the HRM need to attend to. However, because of the focus that they have to put on empowering their own people, they need to balance the aspects that they ought to take into consideration in actually completing their responsibilities. BIBLIOGRAPHY Maureen Minehan . (1997). Technology’s increasing impact on the workplace. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3495/is_n12_v42/ai_20204659. (January 14, 2007). Ronald Keener. (1999). Problems for Everyone in IT Staffing Needs – Industry Trend or Event. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0DUD/is_4_20/ai_54586477. (January 14, 2007). Richard Clarke. (1999). Investing in human assets. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_11_52/ai_53286806. (January 14, 2007). Brent Wilder. (2002). Mt. Carmel takes records to Web-based network. http://www.bizjournals.com/columbus/stories/2002/06/24/focus3.html. (January 14, 2007). Rosemary Notarantonio. (2006). Health Management Technology. Atlanta: Feb 2006. Vol. 27, Issue. 2; pg. 30, 2 pgs. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1011570911&sid=1&Fmt=3&cl ientId=29440&RQT=309&VName=PQD. (January 14, 2007). Greenwood. (2005). The Practice of Workplace Participation: Management-Employee Relations at Three Particpatory Firms. IAP – Information Age Publishing Inc.; New Ed edition. Mike Leat. (2001). Exploring Employee Relations. Butterworth-Heinemann. Bruce E. Kaufman. (2003). Industrial Relations to Human Resources and Beyond: The Evolving Process of Employee Relations Management (Issues in Work and Human Resources). M.E. Sharpe. Margaret Bruce. (2004). International Retail Marketing: A Case Study Approach. Butterworth-Heinemann. McCracken, M., Wallace, M. (2000a), â€Å"Towards a redefinition of strategic HRD†, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 No.8, pp.425-67. McCracken, M., Wallace, M. (2000b), â€Å"Exploring strategic maturity in HRD – rhetoric, aspiration or reality?†, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 No.5, pp.281-90. Maxwell, G., McDougall, M., Blair, S. (2000), â€Å"Managing diversity in the hotel sector: the emergence of a service quality opportunity†, Managing Service Quality, Vol. 10 No.6, pp.367-73. Weiermair, K. (2000), â€Å"Tourists’ perceptions towards and satisfaction with service quality in the cross-cultural service encounter: implications for hospitality and tourism management†, Managing Service Quality, Vol. 10 No.6, pp.397-409.

Nora vs. Kate: Compare and Contrast Essay

Upon thorough examination of the play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen and the novel My Sister’s Keeper written by Jodi Picoult, it is evident that there are certain characters within both pieces of literature that have the same perception of love and loyalty but at the conclusion of what the reader would believe to occur, a twist takes place, one ending in disappointment and the other ending in tragedy . I found that characters Nora from â€Å"A Doll’s House† and Anna from â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper† show true signs of being loyal to the ones they love by going out of their way to please their family members in ways that comprise their existence. Although one may seem to view the ending of both literatures as tragic or filled with sadness, both Nora and Anna are emancipated from their situations. (Ibsen, 1965) Nora is seen as naive at the beginning of the play where she demonstrates childish qualities causing her husband, Torvald to give her the nickname Doll. The term doll reveals the manner in which her own husband views her. The symbolism of that term is belittlement and allows her husband to deny her of her own self or identity. For example, Torvald states, â€Å"that is like a woman! †¦you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. † (Ibsen, 21) The play reveals that Nora and Torvald’s conduct creates a sense of inferiority between the two by her permitting him to talk as though they are unequally yoked. It is also revealed within the play that she is capable of fabrication, which becomes a major issue throughout the play. It is for that particular reason why her marriage concludes. Apparently, Nora had been living a â€Å"double life† where their money was not being spent, although for a good reason, that is, to obtain a loan for which would save her husband’s life, legitimately. Her husband comes to find out that Nora had been secretly paying off a debt for the loan where she forged her father’s signature to obtain it. Before Torvald is promoted at the same financial institution where Krogstad, the man who gave the loan to Nora worked, he threatens to expose Nora’s illegimate behaviour, thereby attempting to ruin Torvald’s reputation and ensuring that he holds his position at the bank. Nora even tells a friend that she is proud of the decision because it was done for the love of her husband. Torvald comes to realize that Nora does not exemplify the wifely qualities he thought a wife should possess. Torvald questions their marriage when he inquires, â€Å"Nora—can I ever be anything more than a stranger to you? † and she responds by saying, â€Å"both you and I would have to be so changed that†¦. our life together would be a real wedlock. † (Ibsen, 375-280) Her actions reveal self-independence as well. Upon conclusion of the play, Nora finds her own identity and leaves her husband. Ibsen clearly suggests a notion of self when Nora is able to emancipate herself from her husband. This creates a theme of self-confidence and self-motivation. Nora’s conception to understand that she is not inferior to Torvald creates psychological strength in knowing that she does not have to be dependent on him to make her feel loved as a human being. Self-identity is also important in a good marriage because although when husband and wife marry and they become one, they can make choices to benefit each. I do not believe that Nora made the right decision by forging her father’s signature but I do believe that Torvald should have stood by her because it was her way of showing how much she loved him. (Ibsen, 1965) The character Anna from My Sister’s Keeper is very similar in the fact that throughout the novel and from the time she was born, Anna was a creation based on the fact that her older sister Kate overwhelmed by sickness. Anna does not have her own identity because from the time she was a child, parents Sarah and Brian Fitzgerald expected her to be an organ donor for Kate at all costs. According to Brian who is a firefighter, â€Å"the safety of the rescuer is of a higher priority than the safety of the victim. Always. † (Picoult, 142) Anna realizes that in order to make her own decision it is necessary to emancipate or free herself via lawsuit through which her lawyer Campbell Alexander works for her until the case is resolved. It is later revealed within the novel that the lawsuit is a result of Kate encouraging Anna not to donate her kidney to her. Kate also wanted to emancipate herself from going through all the medical issues that has plagued life from a young age. The relationship between the two sisters is what seemed to be an unbreakable bond until Anna is killed in a severe car accident when both Campbell and herself are driving to the hospital. Campbell lives. With this ironic twist, as power of attorney is Campbell’s, he decides to give Anna’s kidney to Kate who lives healthy throughout life. Anna, although she loses her identity when she is killed, emancipation arrives. She is liberated from having to worry about her sister’s health and the pressure of the parents in making her feel obliged to Kate. Like Nora’s situation, Anna’s family structure is compromised because of certain decisions made. They are also both freed from situations where they thought to be binding and felt as if they were being forced be a part of circumstances of compulsion and responsibility. If Nora or Anna were to initially deny their family members of what they needed to survive, they would be thought to be disloyal and selfish but in fact, they were both selfless individuals. The love they had for family for so great that they looked beyond their own selves to do what was logically and morally right in their eyes. (Picoult, 2005) Due to the fact that â€Å"A Doll’s House† was written during the 1800’s which was a time period in history when husband viewed their wives as the typical housewife which meant they did not work outside of the house. Their main duties were to stay at home, take care of the children, clean the house, and cook meals while the husband was expected to be the breadwinner of the family. It was unusual for many wives to leave their husbands even when spoken to in a condescending manner. They often were willing to endure that kind of language and remained with their husbands at all costs because it was what was expected of them at that time in society. Society in the 1800 often was a determinant for the way in which man and wife would live and anyone who diverted from the norm was viewed as insubordinate. My Sister’s Keeper, written in this 21st century is different because it speaks of unethical means of providing live for one human being by essentially taking the life of another. What I mean by this is that Anna’s parents were so caught up in trying to save Kate’s life that they were willing to design a baby for this reason. It is clearly unethical and immoral because it is an infringement upon the rights of Anna as a human being. It is very apparent that Anna could no longer live up to her parents’ and everyone else’s expectations of being the organ provider for Kate whom they adorned so much to the point that everyone else became insignificant in their lives. Even Campbell’s girlfriend gives her own opinion through this statement, â€Å"even if the law says that no one is responsible for anyone else, helping someone who needs it is the right thing to do. † (Picoult, 122) At the conclusion, the guilt consumed the parents whereas the brother Jesse, Kate, Campbell and his girlfriend later on, his wife, begin to lead normal lives. Modern day society would say that the parents are deserving of the overwhelming feeling of guilt because of what they made Anna endure as their own child. Another issue that Picoult covers is the legal aspect where Anna medically emancipates herself. In the 1800s this was not a choice that could be made because it didn’t exist during those times. This shows that people are able to make many more choices today than they could during the 1800s, many without being looked at as immoral unless it has been publicly exposed. Contributing factors of the resulting drama of both pieces of literature is the attempt to create unusual occurrences and climax. The writers want to give the readers an emotional and controversial feeling so that the themes may grab their attention allowing them to be captivated while reading. By doing this, it evokes a thought to keep reading and by finding the author’s work captivating, they will want to read other literature written by the authors. I believe that both Ibsen and Picoult definitely reach their readers by their stylistic methods in which they use controversy to make their readers more interested. Bibliography Ibsen, Henrik. â€Å"A Doll’s House. † London: Penguin Books, 1965. Picoult, Jodi. My Sister’s Keeper A Novel. New York: Washington Square P, 2005.